NASA and the Department of Energy signed a memorandum of understanding that organizes end-to-end cooperation on nuclear power and propulsion for civil space missions. The agreement is scheduled to take effect November 1.

The framework spans advanced research, nuclear fuel production, system testing, launch integration and mission operations. It also continues work on both fission systems and radioisotope power, with safety described as a requirement throughout development and use.

NASA says current federal direction calls for a launch-ready lunar surface reactor by 2030. Separate planned systems include Space Reactor-1 and Lunar Reactor-1, while the Dragonfly mission to Titan is expected to use a radioisotope generator and heater units.

The memorandum coordinates agency responsibilities but is not itself proof that a reactor has completed development or flight qualification. Design reviews, safety work, launch decisions and mission-specific approvals remain necessary before operational use.